23考研外刊阅读《新科学家》双语精读版训练

23考研外刊阅读《新科学家》双语精读版训练

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全文字数：1629字

阅读时间：15分钟

上期翻译答案

The teamusedhigh-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, or HR-pQCT, which can measure 3-D bone microarchitecture on scales of 61 microns, finer than the thickness of human hair, to image the bone structure of the tibia in the lower leg and the radius in the lower arm.

该团队使用了高分辨率外围定量计算机断层扫描，它可以用于测量三维骨骼微结构，精度可以达到61微米，比人类头发丝还细，可以对小腿胫骨和前臂桡骨的骨骼结构进行成像。

1.image在这里是动词

《本期内容》

双语阅读

An artificial intelligence can now predict the location and rate of crime across a city a week in advance with up to 90 per cent accuracy. Similar systems have been shown toperpetuateracist bias in policing, and the same could be truein this case, but the researchers who created this AI claim that it can also be used to expose those biases.

人工智能现在可以提前一周预测整个城市的犯罪地点和犯罪率，准确率高达90%。类似的系统已被证明会固化警方的种族偏见，这个系统中的情况也是如此，但创造这个人工智能的研究人员表示，它也可以用来暴露这些偏见。

Ishanu Chattopadhyay at the University of Chicago and his colleagues created an AI model that analysed historical crime data from Chicago, Illinois, from 2014 to the end of 2016, then predicted crime levels for the weeks that followed this training period. The model predicted thelikelihoodof certain crimes occurring across the city, which was divided into squares about 300 metres across, a week in advance with up to 90 per cent accuracy. It was also trained and tested on data for seven other major US cities, with a similar level of performance.

芝加哥大学的伊桑·查托帕迪亚和他的同事们创建了一个人工智能模型，分析了伊利诺伊州的芝加哥从2014年到2016年底的历史犯罪数据，然后预测了训练期结束后几周时间内的犯罪水平。该模型提前一周预测了整个城市发生某些特定犯罪的可能性，该模型将每个区域划分为边长约300米的范围，准确率高达90%。研究人员还对美国其他7个主要城市的数据进行了训练和测试，这些城市的表现也出现了类似的水平。

Previous efforts to use AIs to predict crime have been controversial because they can perpetuate racial bias. In recent years, Chicago Police Department has trialled an algorithm that created a list of people deemed most at risk of being involved in a shooting, either as a victim or as a perpetrator. Details of the algorithm and the list were initially kept secret, but when the list was finally released, itturned outthat 56 per cent of Black men in the city aged between 20 to 29 featured on it.

之前利用人工智能预测犯罪的做法一直饱受争议，因为它们可能会固化种族偏见问题。近年来，芝加哥警察局尝试了一种算法，创建了一份被认为最有可能卷入枪击事件的人的名单，这些人要么是受害者，要么是行凶者。该算法和名单的细节最初是保密的，但当名单最终公布时，结果显示该市20到29岁的黑人男性中有56%的人都列在了清单上。

Chattopadhyayconcedesthat the data used by his model will also be biased, but says that efforts have been taken to reduce the effect of bias and the AI doesn’t identify suspects, only potential sites of crime. “It’s not Minority Report,” he says. Chattopadhyay says the AI’s predictions could be more safely used to inform policy at a high level, rather than being used directly to allocate police resources. He has released the data and algorithm used in the study publicly so that other researchers can investigate the results.

查托帕迪亚承认，他的模型使用的数据也会存在偏见，但他表示，已经尽力减少偏见的影响，人工智能不能识别嫌疑人，只能识别潜在的犯罪现场。“这不是《少数种族报告》，”他说。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~他已经公开了研究中使用的数据和算法，这样其他研究人员就可以调查结果。

The researchers also used the data to look for areas where human bias is affecting policing. They analysed the number of arrests following crimes in neighbourhoods in Chicago with different socioeconomic levels. This showed that crimes in wealthier areas resulted in more arrests than they did in poorer areas, suggesting bias in the police response.

研究人员还利用这些数据来寻找由于人们偏见对警务造成影响的区域。他们分析了在不同的社会经济水平下，芝加哥犯罪后被捕人数。结果显示，与较贫穷的地区相比，发生在较富裕地区的犯罪中罪犯被捕的人数更多，这表明警方的反应存在偏见。

本文节选自：New Scientist （新科学家）

发布时间：2022.06.30

作者：Matthew Sparkes

原文标题：AI predicts crime a week in advance with 90 per cent accuracy

词汇积累

1.perpetuate

英/ pəˈpetʃueɪt /美/ pərˈpetʃueɪt /

v.使持续，使长久（尤指不好的事物）

2.likelihood

英/ ˈlaɪklihʊd /美/ ˈlaɪklihʊd /

n.可能，可能性；可能的事

3.concede

英/ kənˈsiːd /美/ kənˈsiːd /

v.（通常指不情愿地）承认；认（输），承认（失败）；授予，让与；让对手得分

词组搭配

1.in this case 既然这样，假若这样

2.turn out （以某种方式）发生；最后是，结果是；出席，参加，前去观看；关掉，熄灭（电灯、煤气等）；生产，制造

写作句总结

原句：This showed that crimes in wealthier areas resulted in more arrests than they did in poorer areas, suggesting bias in the police response.

结构：This showed that XX in wealthier areas resulted in more XX than they did in poorer areas, suggesting bias in the XX.

例句：This showed that students in wealthier areas resulted in better grades than they did in poorer areas, suggesting bias in the education resource allocations.

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外刊君为同学们汇总了《考研数学高数思维导图》，戳码回复“高数”，下载pdf源文件。

（戳码回复“高数”）

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23考研外刊阅读《新科学家》双语精读版训练