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全文字数：1448字

阅读时间：15分钟

上期翻译答案

The ability to communicate with other cats over long distances and when no longer physically presentwasan advantage to their wild ancestors.

猫科动物的野生祖先存在一种优势，能够与其他猫科动物进行远距离交流，甚至包括其他猫不在场的情况下也能进行交流。

《本期内容》

双语阅读

Mixtures of plastics, usually a headache to recycle, have been broken down into useful, smaller chemical ingredients in a two-step process, reported in Science on 13 October. The plastics problem facing the planet isexacerbatedby the difficulty of recycling these robust materials. Although chemical methods exist tochop uptheir long polymer chains, these techniques have been difficult to implement at scale, partly because recycling needs to deal with mixtures of plastics.

回收塑料混合物通常是件令人头疼的事，而根据《科学》杂志10月13日的报道，塑料混合物通过两步过程就能被分解成可用的、更小的化学成分。因这些强韧的材料难以回收利用，地球面临的塑料问题进一步加剧。尽管有化学方法可以割断这些长聚合物链，但这些技术一直难以大规模实施，部分原因在于回收需要处理的是混合型塑料。

A team led by Gregg Beckham, a chemical engineer at the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in Golden, Colorado, has developed a two-step process that uses chemistry and then biology tobreak downa mix of the most common plastics that make it into recycling plants: high-density polyethylene (HDPE), a soft plastic often found in food packaging; polystyrene, which includes styrofoam; and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a strong, lightweight plastic used to make drink bottles.

由格雷格·贝克汉姆（位于科罗拉多州戈尔登的美国国家可再生能源实验室的一名化学工程师）领导的研究小组已经研发出一种两步走的处理过程，先利用化学，再利用生物分解，将最常见的塑料混合物进行分解，并使其能被回收工厂接收：混合物包括高密度聚乙烯，经常在食品包装中出现的软塑料；聚苯乙烯，包括泡沫聚苯乙烯；以及聚乙烯对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)，一种用于制造饮料瓶的坚固的轻质塑料。

But scaling up the process is going to be a challenge, says co-author Shannon Stahl, a chemist at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. One issue is the temperature that the autoxidation reaction is run at. At the moment, each plastic reacts best at a different temperature, and the one that the team uses for the mixture corresponds to the mostrecalcitrantof the reactions. More fundamental chemistry is needed to work out exactly how this reaction works and improve the yields of the reactions, says Stahl.

但威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的化学家、该研究的合著者香农·斯塔尔说，大规模应用这一过程将成为一个挑战。面临的问题之一在于自氧化反应的温度。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~斯塔尔说，还需要更多的基础化学（实验）来弄清这种反应是如何发生的，并提高反应的效能。

But he adds that many companies already work with autoxidation processes, to turn xylene into terapthalic acid, a PETprecursormolecule. “There’s a lot of in-house knowledge built in, and if one or more of these companies would choose to explore this, I think they could offer a lot of technical know-how,” Stahl says. Beckham says the team is working on an economic analysis and life-cycle assessment of its process.

但他补充说，许多公司已经在研究自氧化过程，将二甲苯转化为对苯二甲酸，一种PET前体分子。斯塔尔说：“这里面涉及到很多内部知识，如果这些公司中有一家或更多公司愿意探索这个领域，我认为他们可以提供很多技术诀窍。”贝克汉姆说，他领导的团队正在对这个分解过程进行经济分析和生命周期评估。

Another problem will be to sell the smaller molecules that the bacteria produce, because demand for those products is much smaller than the quantity of waste plastics, says Yan. “Whether the process will be scaled up depends on economic competitiveness,” he says.

严说，另一个问题在于如何出售细菌产生的小分子，因为对这些产品的需求远远小于废塑料的数量。他表示：“这种分解过程能否大规模实施，取决于这一过程的经济竞争力。”

本文节选自：Nature（自然）

发布时间：2022.10.13

作者：Katharine Sanderson

原文标题：Heat and bacteria recycle mixed plastics into useful chemicals

词汇积累

1. exacerbate

/ɪɡˈzæsəˌbeɪt/

v. 使恶化，使加剧

2.recalcitrant

/rɪˈkælsɪtrənt/

adj.反抗的；反对的；顽强的

n.顽抗者；不服从的人

3. precursor

/prɪˈkɜːsə/

n. (事物)先驱，先兆; (尤指经新陈代谢形成另一种物质的)前体，前质

词组搭配

1.chop up 割断

2.break down 分解；发生故障；失败；毁掉；制服

写作句总结

Whether the process will be scaled up depends on economic competitiveness.

结构: Whether the process will be scaled up depends on ….

此过程能否大规模实施取决于…

例句: Whether the process will be scaled up depends on the new policy.

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外刊君为同学们汇总了《经济学人》，戳码回复“J88”，下载pdf源文件。

（戳码回复“J88”）

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